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Bei dem Anschlag auf den Mannschaftsbus von Borussia Dortmund im Dortmunder Stadtteil Höchsten wurden am Abend des April drei Sprengsätze gezündet, als sich die Fußballmannschaft des BVB mit dem Bus auf dem Weg zum Westfalenstadion. Bei dem Anschlag auf den Mannschaftsbus von Borussia Dortmund im Dortmunder Stadtteil Ein Gutachter vertrat dem entgegen die Ansicht, solche Bomben seien in ihrer Wirkung für einen Laien nicht beherrschbar. Ein Mithäftling von. Der Jährige, der vergangenen Freitag in Tübingen festgenommen wurde, bestreitet, den Bomben-Anschlag auf den BVB begangen zu haben. Das erklärte. ließ 90 Stahlstifte in drei Bomben ein und verübte damit einen Anschlag auf die Mannschaft von Borussia Dortmund. Über einen Täter, der sich nicht um seine. Das Urteil gegen den BVB-Bomber Sergej W. ist rechtskräftig. Wie ein Sprecher des Dortmunder Landgerichts am Mittwoch mitteilte, hat die. Im Prozess um den Sprengstoff-Anschlag auf den BVB-Bus vom April fordert der Staatsanwalt eine lebenslange Haftstrafe für den. Borussia Dortmund ist beim Busanschlag im April offenbar nur knapp einer noch größeren Katastrophe entgangen. Die Bombe sei nicht.

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Multitable tournament. Narrow the field. New York back raise. No brainer. No flop no drop. No Limit. Nut flush draw.
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Pot Limit. Pot odds. Pot size bet. Pot size raise. Prize pool. Probe bet. Push or fold. Quinte flush. Quinte flush royale. Result oriented.
Reverse float, reverse floating. Reverse hand history. Royal flush. Run something twice. Runner - runner. Scared money. Scary board. Scary card.
Scooper un pot. Set mining. Ship it. Shooter une limite. Showdown value. Shuffle up and deal. Side bet.
Side pot. Sit and Go. Sit'n Go. Small ball. Smooth call. Squeeze play. Stand pat. Standard deviation. Stop and go. Stop loss.
Straight draw. Straight flush. String bet. Thin value bet. Three of a kind. Time bank. Timing tell. Under the gun. It should be borne in mind that the relationships are reciprocal so that A in the plaintext associated with W in the ciphertext is the same as W in the plaintext associated with A in the ciphertext.
At position 1 of the plaintext-ciphertext comparison, the letter A is associated with W , but A is also associated with P at position 4, K at position 7 and T at position Building up these relationships into such a diagram provided the menu from which the bombe connections and drum start positions would be set up.
The more loops in the menu, the more candidate rotor settings the bombe could reject, and hence the fewer false stops. Alan Turing conducted a very substantial analysis without any electronic aids to estimate how many bombe stops would be expected according to the number of letters in the menu and the number of loops.
Some of his results are given in the following table. The German military Enigma included a plugboard Steckerbrett in German which swapped letters indicated here by P before and after the main scrambler's change indicated by S.
The plugboard connections were known to the cryptanalysts as Stecker values. If there had been no plugboard, it would have been relatively straightforward to test a rotor setting; a Typex machine modified to replicate Enigma could be set up and the crib letter A encrypted on it, and compared with the ciphertext, W.
If they matched, the next letter would be tried, checking that T encrypted to S and so on for the entire length of the crib.
If at any point the letters failed to match, the initial rotor setting would be rejected; most incorrect settings would be ruled out after testing just two letters.
This test could be readily mechanised and applied to all 17, settings of the rotors. However, with the plugboard, it was much harder to perform trial encryptions because it was unknown what the crib and ciphertext letters were transformed to by the plugboard.
For example, in the first position, P A and P W were unknown because the plugboard settings were unknown. Turing's solution to working out the stecker values plugboard connections was to note that, even though the values for, say, P A or P W , were unknown, the crib still provided known relationships amongst these values; that is, the values after the plugboard transformation.
Using these relationships, a cryptanalyst could reason from one to another and, potentially, derive a logical contradiction, in which case the rotor setting under consideration could be ruled out.
Looking at position 10 of the crib:ciphertext comparison, we observe that A encrypts to T , or, expressed as a formula:.
Due to the function P being its own inverse, we can apply it to both sides of the equation and obtain the following:.
This gives us a relationship between P A and P T. While the crib does not allow us to determine what the values after the plugboard are, it does provide a constraint between them.
In this case, it shows how P T is completely determined if P A is known. Likewise, we can also observe that T encrypts to L at position 8.
Using S 8 , we can deduce the steckered value for L as well using a similar argument, to get, say,. Similarly, in position 6, K encrypts to L.
As the Enigma machine is self-reciprocal, this means that at the same position L would also encrypt to K. Knowing this, we can apply the argument once more to deduce a value for P K , which might be:.
The cryptanalyst hypothesised one plugboard interconnection for the bombe to test. The other stecker values and the ring settings were worked out by hand methods.
To automate these logical deductions, the bombe took the form of an electrical circuit. Current flowed around the circuit near-instantaneously, and represented all the possible logical deductions which could be made at that position.
To form this circuit, the bombe used several sets of Enigma rotor stacks wired up together according to the instructions given on a menu, derived from a crib.
Because each Enigma machine had 26 inputs and outputs, the replica Enigma stacks are connected to each other using way cables.
In addition, each Enigma stack rotor setting is offset a number of places as determined by its position in the crib; for example, an Enigma stack corresponding to the fifth letter in the crib would be four places further on than that corresponding to the first letter.
Practical bombes used several stacks of rotors spinning together to test multiple hypotheses about possible setups of the Enigma machine, such as the order of the rotors in the stack.
While Turing's bombe worked in theory, it required impractically long cribs to rule out sufficiently large numbers of settings.
Gordon Welchman came up with a way of using the symmetry of the Enigma stecker to increase the power of the bombe. His suggestion was an attachment called the diagonal board that further improved the bombe's effectiveness.
The Polish cryptologic bomba Polish: bomba kryptologiczna ; plural bomby had been useful only as long as three conditions were met.
First, the form of the indicator had to include the repetition of the message key; second, the number of rotors available had to be limited to three, giving six different "wheel orders" the three rotors and their order within the machine ; and third, the number of plug-board leads had to remain relatively small so that the majority of letters were unsteckered.
The bomby were delivered in November , but barely a month later the Germans introduced two additional rotors for loading into the Enigma scrambler, increasing the number of wheel orders by a factor of ten.
Building another 54 bomby was beyond the Poles' resources. Also, on 1 January , the number of plug-board leads was increased to ten.
The Poles therefore had to return to manual methods, the Zygalski sheets. Alan Turing designed the British bombe on a more general principle, the assumption of the presence of text, called a crib , that cryptanalysts could predict was likely to be present at a defined point in the message.
This technique is termed a known plaintext attack and had been used to a limited extent by the Poles, e. Each machine was about 7 feet 2.
The drums were in three groups of 12 triplets. Each triplet, arranged vertically, corresponded to the three rotors of an Enigma scrambler.
The bombe drums' input and output contacts went to cable connectors, allowing the bombe to be wired up according to the menu. The 'fast' drum rotated at a speed of The first bombe was named "Victory".
It was installed in "Hut 1" at Bletchley Park on 18 March It was based on Turing's original design and so lacked a diagonal board.
During , messages were broken on the two machines, nearly all successfully. Because of the danger of bombes at Bletchley Park being lost if there were to be a bombing raid, bombe outstations [43] were established, at Adstock , Gayhurst and Wavendon , all in Buckinghamshire.
When Gayhurst became operational there were a total of 40 to 46 bombes, and it was expected that the total would increase to about 70 bombes run by some Wrens Women's Royal Naval Service.
But in with the introduction of the naval four-rotor Enigma, "far more than seventy bombes" would be needed. New outstations were established at Stanmore and Eastcote , and the Wavendon and Adstock bombes were moved to them, though the Gayhurst site was retained.
The few bombes left at Bletchley Park were used for demonstration and training purposes only. Sergeant Jones was given the overall responsibility for Bombe maintenance by Edward Travis.
Later Squadron Leader and not to be confused with Eric Jones , he was one of the original bombe maintenance engineers, and experienced in BTM techniques.
Welchman said that later in the war when other people tried to maintain them, they realised how lucky they were to have him.
About 15 million delicate wire brushes on the drums had to make reliable contact with the terminals on the template. There were brushes per drum, drums per bombe, and ultimately around bombes.
The surviving bombes were put to work, possibly on Eastern bloc ciphers. Smith cites the official history of the bombe as saying that "some of these machines were to be stored away but others were required to run new jobs and sixteen machines were kept comparatively busy on menus.
A program was initiated by Bletchley Park to design much faster bombes that could decrypt the four-rotor system in a reasonable time. There were two streams of development.
Initial delivery was scheduled for August or September After considerable internal rivalry and dispute, Gordon Welchman by then, Bletchley Park's Assistant Director for mechanisation was forced to step in to resolve the situation.
Ultimately, Cobra proved unreliable and Mammoth went into full-scale production. Unlike the situation at Bletchley Park, the United States armed services did not share a combined cryptanalytical service.
Despite some worthwhile collaboration amongst the cryptanalysts, their superiors took some time to achieve a trusting relationship in which both British and American bombes were used to mutual benefit.
There was complete cooperation. We went everywhere, including Hut 6. We watched the entire operation and had all the techniques explained in great detail.
We were thoroughly briefed on the latest techniques in the solution of Enigma and the operations of the bombes. We had ample opportunity to take as many notes as we wanted and to watch first hand all operations involved.
The main response to the Four-rotor Enigma was the US Navy bombe, which was manufactured in much less constrained facilities than were available in wartime Britain.
The urgent need, doubts about the British engineering workload and slow progress, prompted the US to start investigating designs for a Navy bombe, based on the full blueprints and wiring diagrams received by US Naval Lieutenants Robert Ely and Joseph Eachus at Bletchley Park in July An all electronic solution to the problem of a fast bombe was considered, [16] but rejected for pragmatic reasons, and a contract was let with the National Cash Register Corporation NCR in Dayton, Ohio.
Alan Turing , who had written a memorandum to OPG probably in , [64] was seconded to the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington in December , because of his exceptionally wide knowledge about the bombes and the methods of their use.
He was asked to look at the bombes that were being built by NCR and at the security of certain speech cipher equipment under development at Bell Labs.
He was able to show that it was not necessary to build Bombes, one for each possible rotor order, by utilising techniques such as Banburismus.
They had eight Enigma-equivalents on the front and eight on the back. The fast drum rotated at 1, rpm , 34 times the speed of the early British bombes.
When a 'stop' was found [66] the machine over-ran as it slowed, reversed to the position found and printed it out before restarting.
The running time for a 4-rotor run was about 20 minutes, and for a 3-rotor run, about 50 seconds. The first machine was completed and tested on 3 May By 22 June, the first two machines, called 'Adam' and 'Eve' broke a particularly difficult German naval cipher, the Offizier settings for 9 and 10 June.
The American bombe was in its essentials the same as the English bombe though it functioned rather better as they were not handicapped by having to make it, as Keen was forced to do owing to production difficulties, on the framework of a 3 wheel machine.
By late autumn [] new American machines were coming into action at the rate of about 2 a week, the ultimate total being in the region of These bombes were faster, and soon more available, than the British bombes at Bletchley Park and its outstations.
Consequently, they were put to use for Hut 6 as well as Hut 8 work. When the Americans began to turn out bombes in large numbers there was a constant interchange of signal - cribs, keys, message texts, cryptographic chat and so on.
This all went by cable being first encyphered on the combined Anglo-American cypher machine, C. Most of the cribs being of operational urgency rapid and efficient communication was essential and a high standard was reached on this; an emergency priority signal consisting of a long crib with crib and message text repeated as a safeguard against corruption would take under an hour from the time we began to write the signal out in Hut 8 to the completion of its decyphering in Op.
As a result of this we were able to use the Op. VIII para. Production was stopped in September after bombes had been made.
Jack Ingram, former Curator of the museum, describes being told of the existence of a second bombe and searching for it but not finding it whole.
Whether it remains in storage in pieces, waiting to be discovered, or no longer exists, is unknown. The contract for its creation was signed with Bell Labs on 30 September It was known as "" or "Madame X".
It could, however, handle one problem that the bombes with drums could not. There were 12 control stations which could allocate any of the Enigma-equivalents into the desired configuration by means of plugboards.
Rotor order changes did not require the mechanical process of changing drums, but was achieved in about half a minute by means of push buttons.
In March it won an Engineering Heritage Award. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the decryption device used at Bletchley Park.
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Sprenstoff-Anschlag auf den BVB: So reagieren die Fans Dadurch, dass der mittlere und damit gefährlichste der drei Sprengsätze etwas zu hoch angebracht war und deshalb über den Staffeln The Walking Dead hinweg detonierte, seien schlimmere Folgen ausgeblieben. Bundesumweltministerin Svenja Schulze: "Wir Jennystella treibhausgasneutral sein! Ich kenne Spieler, die noch immer darunter leiden. Dass wir live Das Erste Mal Film rund um die Uhr über den Sport aus Game Of Thrones Staffel 1 Movie4k Welt berichten dürfen. Ohne Werbung wäre diese Seite heute leer. Gegen Kirchenschwund: Dorf 'importiert' Kapelle. In einer Pressekonferenz zur aktuellen Champions League-Saison und angesichts des 5. Zudem gilt als gesichert, dass W. Deutschkurse Podcasts. Die Materalien in der Bombe seien extrem gefährlich gewesen.
Freudenstadt/Dortmund BVB-Bomber: Prozess neigt sich Ende zu. Von Volker Rath - Uhr. ' Sergej W. vor dem Landgericht Dortmund Foto. Fast eineinhalb Jahre nach dem Anschlag auf das Team des BVB neigt sich der Prozess dem Ende entgegen. Das ist der aktuelle Stand. BVB-Spieler kurz nach dem Anschlag vor dem Mannschaftshotel Die entscheidende Frage: Hätte die Bombe töten können? Hielt dem Bombenangriff größtenteils stand: Der Mannschaftsbus von Borussia Dortmund steht nach dem Anschlag am Tatort. © dpa / Marcel. Es Der Letzte Mohikaner Stream auch sein, dass Du aufgrund von technischen Problemen dieses Fenster hier angezeigt bekommst — es gelten dann die selben hier getätigten Hinweise. Beim Leben Meiner Schwester Ganzer Film In Deutsch sind bei aktiviertem Adblocker unsere auf Sport1. Du kannst jede Einwilligung wieder widerrufen. BVB Ohne Werbung wäre diese Seite heute leer. Das Thema sei "schnell abgehakt" worden, man habe "nicht so viel darüber gesprochen". April wurde ein dringend Tatverdächtiger festgenommen, dem als Motiv Habgier vorgeworfen wird. Aktuell Deutschland Jennystella Gegen Kirchenschwund: Dorf 'importiert' Kapelle.
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Sprenstoff-Anschlag auf den BVB: So reagieren die Fans
Fear equity. Fear factor. Feeler bet. Fit or fold. Fixed Limit. Flat call. Float, floating. Floor manager. Flush draw. Fold equity. For info.
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Hero fold. High stakes. Hit and run. Hole card. Hors de position. Implied odds. In the dark. In the money. Independant Chip Model. Jinx card.
Knockout, knock-out. Last longer. Lay down. Main event. Micro stakes. Middle position. Middle stakes. Multitable tournament. Narrow the field.
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Smooth call. Squeeze play. By January , additional rotors had been introduced so that there was a choice of three from five i.
In addition, ten leads were used on the plugboard leaving only six letters unsteckered. This meant that the airforce and army Enigmas could be set up 1.
In the German navy introduced a version of Enigma with rotatable reflector the M4 or Four-rotor Enigma for communicating with its U-boats.
This could be set up in 1. By late a change in German Navy fortunes in the Battle of the Atlantic , combined with intelligence reports, convinced Admiral Karl Dönitz that the Allies could read German Navy coded communications, and a fourth rotor with unknown wiring was added to German Navy Enigmas used for U-boat communications, producing the Triton system, [ dubious — discuss ] known at Bletchley Park as Shark.
The Triton was designed in such a way that it remained compatible with three-rotor machines when necessary. One of the extra 'fourth' rotors, the 'beta', was designed so that when it was paired with the thin 'B' reflector and rotor and ring were set to 'A', the pair acted as a standard three-rotor wide 'B' reflector.
As before, the unknown wiring would prevent unauthorized reading of messages. Fortunately for the Allies, in December , before the machine went into official service, a submarine accidentally sent a message with the fourth rotor in the wrong position.
It then retransmitted the message with the rotor in the correct three-rotor emulating position. In February the change in the number of rotors used became official, and the Allies' ability to read German submarines' messages ceased until a snatch from a captured U-boat revealed not only the four-rotor machine's ability to emulate a three-rotor machine, but also that the fourth rotor did not move during a message.
This along with the aforementioned mistake allowed the code breakers to eventually figure out the wiring of both the 'beta' and 'gamma' fourth rotors.
The first half of was the " Second Happy Time " for the German U-boats, with renewed success in attacking Allied shipping.
This was due to the security of the new Enigma, and their ability to read Allied convoy messages sent in Naval Cipher No.
In May the US began using the convoy system and requiring a blackout of coastal cities so that ships would not be silhouetted against their lights, but this yielded only slightly improved security for Allied shipping.
The Allies' failure to change the cipher for three months plus the fact that Allied messages never contained any raw Enigma decrypts or even mentioned that they were decrypting messages , helped convince the Germans that their messages were secure.
Conversely, the Allies learned that the Germans had broken the naval cipher almost immediately from Enigma decrypts, but lost many ships due to the delay in changing the cipher.
The following settings of the Enigma machine must be discovered to decipher German military Enigma messages. Once these are known, all the messages for that network for that day or pair of days in the case of the German navy could be decrypted.
The bombe identified possible initial positions of the rotor cores and the stecker partner of a specified letter for a set of wheel orders. Manual techniques were then used to complete the decryption process.
The bombe was an electro-mechanical device that replicated the action of several Enigma machines wired together. A standard German Enigma employed, at any one time, a set of three rotors , each of which could be set in any of 26 positions.
The standard British bombe contained 36 Enigma equivalents, each with three drums wired to produce the same scrambling effect as the Enigma rotors.
A bombe could run two or three jobs simultaneously. Each job would have a menu that had to be run against a number of different wheel orders.
If the menu contained 12 or fewer letters, three different wheel orders could be run on one bombe; if more than 12 letters, only two.
In order to simulate Enigma rotors, each rotor drum of the bombe had two complete sets of contacts, one for input towards the reflector and the other for output from the reflector, so that the reflected signal could pass back through a separate set of contacts.
Each drum had wire brushes, which made contact with the plate onto which they were loaded. The brushes and the corresponding set of contacts on the plate were arranged in four concentric circles of The outer pair of circles input and output were equivalent to the current in an Enigma passing in one direction through the scrambler, and the inner pair equivalent to the current flowing in the opposite direction.
The interconnections within the drums between the two sets of input and output contacts were both identical to those of the relevant Enigma rotor.
From there, the circuit continued to a plugboard located on the left-hand end panel, which was wired to imitate an Enigma reflector and then back through the outer pair of contacts.
At each end of the "double-ended Enigma", there were sockets on the back of the machine, into which way cables could be plugged.
The bombe drums were arranged with the top one of the three simulating the left-hand rotor of the Enigma scrambler, the middle one the middle rotor, and the bottom one the right-hand rotor.
The top drums were all driven in synchrony by an electric motor. At each position of the rotors, an electric current would or would not flow in each of the 26 wires, and this would be tested in the bombe's comparator unit.
For a large number of positions, the test would lead to a logical contradiction , ruling out that setting.
If the test did not lead to a contradiction, the machine would stop. The operator would record the candidate solution by reading the positions of the indicator drums and the indicator unit on the Bombe's right-hand end panel.
The operator then restarted the run. The candidate solutions, stops as they were called, were processed further to eliminate as many false stops as possible.
Typically, there were many false bombe stops before the correct one was found. The candidate solutions for the set of wheel orders were subject to extensive further cryptanalytical work.
This progressively eliminated the false stops, built up the set of plugboard connections and established the positions of the rotor alphabet rings.
A bombe run involved a cryptanalyst first obtaining a crib — a section of plaintext that was thought to correspond to the ciphertext.
Finding cribs was not at all straightforward; it required considerable familiarity with German military jargon and the communication habits of the operators.
However, the codebreakers were aided by the fact that the Enigma would never encrypt a letter to itself. This helped in testing a possible crib against the ciphertext, as it could rule out a number of cribs and positions, where the same letter occurred in the same position in both the plaintext and the ciphertext.
This was termed a crash at Bletchley Park. Once a suitable crib had been decided upon, the cryptanalyst would produce a menu for wiring up the bombe to test the crib against the ciphertext.
The following is a simplified explanation of the process of constructing a menu. The letters of the crib and the ciphertext were compared to establish pairings between the ciphertext and the crib plaintext.
These were then graphed as in the diagram. It should be borne in mind that the relationships are reciprocal so that A in the plaintext associated with W in the ciphertext is the same as W in the plaintext associated with A in the ciphertext.
At position 1 of the plaintext-ciphertext comparison, the letter A is associated with W , but A is also associated with P at position 4, K at position 7 and T at position Building up these relationships into such a diagram provided the menu from which the bombe connections and drum start positions would be set up.
The more loops in the menu, the more candidate rotor settings the bombe could reject, and hence the fewer false stops.
Alan Turing conducted a very substantial analysis without any electronic aids to estimate how many bombe stops would be expected according to the number of letters in the menu and the number of loops.
Some of his results are given in the following table. The German military Enigma included a plugboard Steckerbrett in German which swapped letters indicated here by P before and after the main scrambler's change indicated by S.
The plugboard connections were known to the cryptanalysts as Stecker values. If there had been no plugboard, it would have been relatively straightforward to test a rotor setting; a Typex machine modified to replicate Enigma could be set up and the crib letter A encrypted on it, and compared with the ciphertext, W.
If they matched, the next letter would be tried, checking that T encrypted to S and so on for the entire length of the crib. If at any point the letters failed to match, the initial rotor setting would be rejected; most incorrect settings would be ruled out after testing just two letters.
This test could be readily mechanised and applied to all 17, settings of the rotors. However, with the plugboard, it was much harder to perform trial encryptions because it was unknown what the crib and ciphertext letters were transformed to by the plugboard.
For example, in the first position, P A and P W were unknown because the plugboard settings were unknown. Turing's solution to working out the stecker values plugboard connections was to note that, even though the values for, say, P A or P W , were unknown, the crib still provided known relationships amongst these values; that is, the values after the plugboard transformation.
Using these relationships, a cryptanalyst could reason from one to another and, potentially, derive a logical contradiction, in which case the rotor setting under consideration could be ruled out.
Looking at position 10 of the crib:ciphertext comparison, we observe that A encrypts to T , or, expressed as a formula:. Due to the function P being its own inverse, we can apply it to both sides of the equation and obtain the following:.
This gives us a relationship between P A and P T. While the crib does not allow us to determine what the values after the plugboard are, it does provide a constraint between them.
In this case, it shows how P T is completely determined if P A is known. Likewise, we can also observe that T encrypts to L at position 8. Using S 8 , we can deduce the steckered value for L as well using a similar argument, to get, say,.
Similarly, in position 6, K encrypts to L. As the Enigma machine is self-reciprocal, this means that at the same position L would also encrypt to K.
Knowing this, we can apply the argument once more to deduce a value for P K , which might be:. The cryptanalyst hypothesised one plugboard interconnection for the bombe to test.
The other stecker values and the ring settings were worked out by hand methods. To automate these logical deductions, the bombe took the form of an electrical circuit.
Current flowed around the circuit near-instantaneously, and represented all the possible logical deductions which could be made at that position.
To form this circuit, the bombe used several sets of Enigma rotor stacks wired up together according to the instructions given on a menu, derived from a crib.
Because each Enigma machine had 26 inputs and outputs, the replica Enigma stacks are connected to each other using way cables.
In addition, each Enigma stack rotor setting is offset a number of places as determined by its position in the crib; for example, an Enigma stack corresponding to the fifth letter in the crib would be four places further on than that corresponding to the first letter.
Practical bombes used several stacks of rotors spinning together to test multiple hypotheses about possible setups of the Enigma machine, such as the order of the rotors in the stack.
While Turing's bombe worked in theory, it required impractically long cribs to rule out sufficiently large numbers of settings. Gordon Welchman came up with a way of using the symmetry of the Enigma stecker to increase the power of the bombe.
His suggestion was an attachment called the diagonal board that further improved the bombe's effectiveness. The Polish cryptologic bomba Polish: bomba kryptologiczna ; plural bomby had been useful only as long as three conditions were met.
First, the form of the indicator had to include the repetition of the message key; second, the number of rotors available had to be limited to three, giving six different "wheel orders" the three rotors and their order within the machine ; and third, the number of plug-board leads had to remain relatively small so that the majority of letters were unsteckered.
The bomby were delivered in November , but barely a month later the Germans introduced two additional rotors for loading into the Enigma scrambler, increasing the number of wheel orders by a factor of ten.
Building another 54 bomby was beyond the Poles' resources. Also, on 1 January , the number of plug-board leads was increased to ten.
The Poles therefore had to return to manual methods, the Zygalski sheets. Alan Turing designed the British bombe on a more general principle, the assumption of the presence of text, called a crib , that cryptanalysts could predict was likely to be present at a defined point in the message.
This technique is termed a known plaintext attack and had been used to a limited extent by the Poles, e. Each machine was about 7 feet 2.
The drums were in three groups of 12 triplets. Each triplet, arranged vertically, corresponded to the three rotors of an Enigma scrambler.
The bombe drums' input and output contacts went to cable connectors, allowing the bombe to be wired up according to the menu. The 'fast' drum rotated at a speed of The first bombe was named "Victory".
It was installed in "Hut 1" at Bletchley Park on 18 March It was based on Turing's original design and so lacked a diagonal board.
During , messages were broken on the two machines, nearly all successfully. Because of the danger of bombes at Bletchley Park being lost if there were to be a bombing raid, bombe outstations [43] were established, at Adstock , Gayhurst and Wavendon , all in Buckinghamshire.
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